The Court of Justice of the EU ruled that all EU member states must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other member states, regardless of national law. This affects countries like Poland and Italy, where such marriages are not legal domestically, and has prompted public debate and calls from European Parliament members such as Carolina Morace and Alessandro Zan for national implementation. Legal scholars including Angelo Schillaci explained that while Italy recognizes civil unions and some foreign marriages, the new ruling means full recognition must be granted and may create legal challenges for member states with restrictive laws.