Desalination plants and oil depots around Tehran are damaged by US‑Israeli strikes, producing black rain that deposits sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, fine particulates, heavy metals and carcinogens and reducing freshwater access for villages hungry after prolonged drought.The World Health Organization warns that the releases can produce acid rain, contaminate food and water and are linked to rising hospital admissions for breathing problems, chemical skin irritations and eye injuries after hits to depots including the Northwest Tehran Oil Depot in the Shahran district that witnesses and media attribute to Israeli aircraft and US forces.United Nations Secretary‑General
Antonio Guterres urges faster investment in clean energy as disrupted shipping reroutes tankers around Africa, raising spill and emissions risks, while experts say military fuel consumption and prolonged fighting will deepen climate impacts and complicate costly cleanup and health screening.